Hipercromia pós-inflamatória associada à psoríase. Relato de caso / Post-inflammatory hyperchromia associated with psoriasis. Case report

A Hipercromia pós-inflamatória (HPI), desordem de pigmentação da pele decorrente da produção exagerada de melanina, apresenta-se sob a forma de manchas hipercrômicas e representa uma sequela importante da psoríase, uma dermatose inflamatória. Objetiva-se, neste artigo, um relato de caso, descrever a HPI surgida após um quadro de psoríase, em paciente do gênero masculino, 54 anos de idade, cor parda, marceneiro de profissão, sem histórico de tabagismo, obesidade ou doença de base, atendido em uma Unidade Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), no município de Vassouras, região Centro Sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A psoríase é uma doença imunológica crônica, resultante da estimulação persistente de células T por imunógenos de origem epidérmica, envolvendo a imunidade inata e a adquirida. A conduta terapêutica da HPI incluiu a prescrição de corticosteróides, despigmentantes e fotoprotetores. O acompanhamento do paciente por psicoterapia do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF), da ESF e pelo dermatologista da média complexidade da Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS) representou um diferencial e revelou-se imprescindível para a integralidade do cuidado em saúde.(AU)

Post-inflammatory hyperchromia (IPH), a pigmentation disorder of the skin resulting from the exaggerated production of melanin, is manifested by hyperchromic patches and is an important consequence of psoriasis, an inflammatory dermatosis. The objective of this article is to describe a case of IPH that appeared after psoriasis in a patient attended at a Family Health Strategy Unit (FHU), in the city of Vassouras, in the central region of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Psoriasis is a chronic immune disease that results from the persistent stimulation of T cells by immunogens of epidermal origin, involving innate and acquired immunity. The therapeutic management of IPH consists in prescribing of corticosteroids, despigmentants and photoprotectors. The follow-up of the patient through Psychology of the Family Health Support Center, the FHU and the dermatologist of the medium complexity of the Health Care Network represented a differential and proved to be essential for the integrality of health care.(AU)

Frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planus pigmentosus: diagnosis and therapeutic challenge

Abstract Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a variant of lichen planopilaris with marginal progressive hair loss on the scalp, eyebrows and axillae. We report a case of frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planus pigmentosus in a postmenopausal woman, that started with alopecia on the eyebrows and then on the frontoparietal region, with periocular and cervical hyperpigmentation of difficult management. The condition was controlled with systemic corticosteroid therapy and finasteride. Lichen planus pigmentosus is an uncommon variant of lichen planus frequently associated with frontal fibrosing alopecia in darker phototipes. It should be considered in patients affected by scarring alopecia with a pattern of lichen planopilaris and areas of skin hyperpigmentation revealing perifollicular hyperpigmentation refractory to multiple treatments. This case illustrates diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in face of scarring alopecia and perifollicular hyperpigmentation.

Physiological and lifestyle factors contributing to risk and severity of peri-orbital dark circles in the Brazilian population

AbstractBACKGROUND:Peri-orbital dark circles are a cosmetic concern worldwide, and have been attributed to hyperpigmentation from allergy or atopic dermatitis, blood stasis, structural shadowing effects, and a thin epidermis/dermis under the eye. It is of interest to better understand lifestyle and demographic risk factors and the relative impact of melanin, blood and epidermal/dermal factors on the severity of Peri-orbital dark circles.OBJECTIVE:To compare by non-invasive imaging the impact of biological factors to a visual grading scale for Peri-orbital dark circles, and test the correlation of various demographic factors with Peri-orbital dark circles.METHODS:Subjects completed a lifestyle and health survey, and Peri-orbital dark circles severity was evaluated using standardized photographs. Hyperspectral image analysis was used to assess the contributions of melanin, blood volume, degree of blood oxygen saturation, and dermal scattering.RESULTS:Family history was the most significant risk factor for Peri-orbital dark circles. The average age of onset was 24 years, and earlier onset correlated with higher severity scores. Asthma was significantly associated with Peri-orbital dark circles scores, but self-reported allergy was not. In this study, sleep was not correlated with Peri-orbital dark circles scores. Hyperspectral imaging indicated that melanin was the dominant correlate for Peri-orbital dark circles severity, while oxygen saturation was secondary. The difference between under-eye and cheek measurements for ΔL*and ΔE* were the most significant instrumental parameters correlated with visual assessment of Peri-orbital dark circles severity.CONCLUSION:Although typically associated with lack of sleep, risk of Peri-orbital dark circles is primarily hereditary. The main factors contributing to the appearance of Peri-orbital dark circles are melanin and (deoxygenated) blood.

Pigmentación macular eruptiva idiopática / Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation

La pigmentación macular eruptiva idiopática (PMEI) afecta principalmente a niños y adolescentes. Se caracteriza por manchas ovales diseminadas, de color café claro o gris pizarra, asintomáticas, de evolución crónica, involución espontánea y etiología desconocida. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo, de corte transversal, mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas y archivos histológicos de pacientes con diagnóstico de PMEI correspondientes al período que va de noviembre de 2006 a julio de 2009.En el lapso estudiado se diagnosticó PMEI en siete pacientes. Rango de edad: 5-18 años (media:10,14 años), sexo femenino (100%). No se observaron antecedentes relacionados con la patología. El tiempo de evolución varió entre 1 y 36 meses (media: 11,28 meses) a partir del momento de la consulta. El seguimiento posterior se realizó en 4 casos, y 3 no regresaron a control. En todos los casos se realizaron estudios histopatológicos, en los cuales se observaron los criterios propios descriptos para esta entidad. Conclusiones. Las características clínicas y la edad de comienzo concuerdan con los reportes de la literatura. Todos los pacientes eran de sexo femenino, a diferencia de los casos previamente reportados, donde no hay diferencias entre ambos sexos o sólo un leve predominio del sexo masculino.

Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation (IEMP) affects mostly children and adolescents. It ischaracterized by scattered oval spots, light brown or slate gray, asymptomatic, a chronic evolution,spontaneous resolution and unknown etiology.We performed a retrospective cross-section analysis through review of clinical and histological recordsof patients with diagnosis of IEMP for the period November 2006 to July 2009.During the period of study IEMP was diagnosed on 7 patients. Age range: 5-18 years (media: 10.14years), female (100%). There was no previous history related to the disease.The duration of evolution ranged from 1 month to 36 months (media: 11.28 months) from thetime of consultation. Subsequent follow-up was performed on four patients, of which three didnot return to control. In all cases histopathological studies were performed, fulfilling the criteriadescribed for this entity.

Contenido de arsénico en el agua de consumo en Leales y Graneros (Provincia de Tucumán - Argentina) / Levels of arsenic in the drinking water in Leales and Graneros (Tucumán - Argentina)

Se determinó la contaminación con Arsénico (As) en agua de bebida en Leales (L) y Graneros (G) (Tucumán), y se relacionó el nivel de contaminación con la profundidad de los pozos y la presencia de signos dermatológicos. La determinación de As fue realizada por el método cuantitativo de Gutzei modificado. Se entrevistaron 122 individuos, se evaluaron los signos dermatológicos de arsenicismo. El 9,3% y 34,7% de 140 muestras de L y 95 de G respectivamente tienen niveles permitidos. Las concentraciones promedios en L fueron 0,112; 0,087 y 0,096 mg/L para la profundidad menor a 10; 11 a 25 y mayor a 25 metros respectivamente. No se encontró diferencia entre las distintas profundidades. Las concentraciones promedios en Graneros fueron 0,163; 0,045; 0,405; 0,056 mg/L para los pozos menor a 10; 11 a 25 con concentraciones moderadamente y marcadamente elevadas, y mayor a 25 metros respectivamente. Se encontraron diferencias entre las concentraciones de As y la profundidad de los pozos. El 12,4% de los 89 individuos examinados de L y el 39,4% de los 33 individuos de G presentaron signos dermatológicos. Es una patología de alta prevalencia en áreas deprimidas del noroeste argentino, se vincula a una inadecuada provisión de agua, es un problema de alta importancia socio-sanitaria por su magnitud; su severidad real y potencial y su evitabilidad.

The aim of this work was to investigate the contamination with Arsenic (As) in drinking water in Leales (L) and Graneros (G) (Tucumán), the relationship between the level of pollution and the depth of the wells, and the presence of cutaneous signs. The determination of As was made by the quantitative method of modified Gutzei. A hundred and twenty-two individuals were selected. A total of 9.3% and 34.7% of 140 samples of L and 95 of G respectively have allowed levels.The average concentrations in L were 0.112; 0.087 and 0.096 mg/L for depths lower than 10; 11 to 25 meters, and higher than 25 meters respectively. No difference was found between the different depths. The average concentrations in G were 0.163; 0.045; 0.405; 0.056 mg/L for the wells lower than 10; 11 to 25: meters with concentrations moderately and markedly raised, and higher than 25 meters respectively. Differences were found between the concentrations of As and the depth of the wells. A total of 12.4% of 89 of L and 39.4% of 33 individuals examined of G showed cutaneous signs. This pathology is of high importance in depressed areas of the Argentina, is linked to an inadequate provision of water.

Manifestaciones cutáneas en pacientes hemodializados nuestra experiencia / Cutaneous manifestations in hemodyalisis patients: our experience

Se evaluaron 42 pacientes en tratamiento hemodialítico en el Servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Centenario de Rosario. Las manifestaciones cutáneas más frecuentes fueron: prurito (64 por ciento), hiperpigmentación (61 por ciento), xerosis (54 por ciento), alteraciones en las uñas (45 por ciento) y alteraciones en el pelo (23 por ciento). Con relación al prurito no encontramos diferencias en su incidencia en relación al sexo de los pacientes y al tipo de membrana utilizada en la hemodiálisis. Sí encontramos mayor incidencia en aquellos con mayor tiempo de evolución de la hemodiálisis. La incidencia de hiperpigmentación fue mayor a la de otros estudios